Do not use more than one reference number at the same location ie, 5, 6. Instead, use one number and place all citations in a single note, separated by semicolons. Author Only If you are citing only one work by a particular author, use only their name and the page number. Davis, Author-Title If you are citing multiple works by the same author, use the author's name, a shortened but clear! Title Only If you are citing a work which does not have an author or editor, use a shortened but clear!
This practice has slowly fallen out of style. However, there is still at least one commonly used Latin abbreviation. As you may notice, the notes section in a Chicago style paper or book can be quite dense at times. In order to help the reader, you may use ibid. This avoids unnecessary repetition and redundancy, keeping your notes both clean and accurate.
When it comes to your Chicago preliminary bibliography , using ibid. Creating an Endnote in a Research Paper. Culture and Foreign Policy. Boulder: L. Rienner Publishers, Edited by Alexander Zouev. Armonk, NY: M. Sharpe, London: Routledge and K. Paul, , Mark J. For references with more than three authors, cite the first named author followed by "et al. Meyer, et al. Keat, Russell, and John Urry. Social Theory as Science , 2d.
Paul, Hitomi, Toyoma. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, Meyer, Leonard B. The Concept of Style. Edited by Berel Lang. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, Follow the guidelines for print books, above, but include the collection if there is one , URL and the date you accessed the material. Rae, John.
Boston: Hillard, Gray and Company, For periodical magazine, journal, newspaper, etc. Author; 2. Article title; 3. Periodical title; 4. Volume or Issue number or both ; 5.
Publication date; 6. Page numbers. Visual and Performing Arts Lectures, Interviews, Communications Download printable version You must cite the words or ideas of others that you use in your research paper in order to 1 give credit to the original source, 2 let your readers judge the accuracy and reliability of your facts, and 3 allow readers to follow your research.
The first line of each entry should be aligned to the left margin; if an entry is two lines or longer, each subsequent line should be indented, using a "hanging indent" like this: Lastname, Firstname. Note and Bibliography Examples Note examples appear first and are numbered. Type of Source Example Books Section David L.
Footnote or Endnote Preceding work, same page Footnote or Endnote Preceding work, different page 3. Shortened form for note of work already cited, preceded by a different work Holmes, The Faiths of the Founding Fathers , Bibliography Holmes, David L. The Faiths of the Founding Fathers. New York: Oxford University Press, Book with more than one author or editor Footnote or Endnote 5.
Dorothy Denneen Volo and James M. Footnote or Endnote, Shortened note form, following a note for a different work. Daily Life during the American Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, Book with four or more authors Footnote or Endnote Use et al. Jacquelyn Dowd Hall et al. Book with author s plus editor ed. Gerald E. Bevan London: Penguin, , Bibliography Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America: and Two Essays on America. Translated by Gerald E. London: Penguin, Book with editor, translator, or compiler in place of author Jack Goldstone, ed.
Bibliography Goldstone, Jack, ed. Who's Who in Political Revolutions. Washington D. Chapter or other parts of a book Alfred F. Bibliography Foner, Eric. Young, Two or more books by the same author Footnote or Endnote Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty! New York: W. Norton, , Norton, , Bibliography Arrange the entries alphabetically by title Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty! Norton, After the first entry, replace the author's name with six hyphens The Story of American Freedom.
Preface, foreword, introduction, or similar part of a book Bibliography Appleby, Joyce Oldham. Electronic Books Section If you used a book from a library ebook collection, give the name of the database instead of a URL. If you download a book in a format that requires a specific app or device, include that information e. For ebooks without page numbers, you can cite a chapter or section number see Access dates are not needed for formally published electronic sources
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