In , no major changes were made. But the schedule was updated to include the latest guidance on catch-up vaccinations for Hib and HPV vaccines. The flu vaccine — or influenza vaccine — may be the most well-known of all immunizations. While influenza viruses circulate year-round, flu cases peak in the fall and winter months nearly every year.
Flu shots help protect against the types of influenza viruses that research indicates will be most common that season. When children receive their first flu shot, the vaccine is delivered in two doses, given at least one month apart.
After that first pair of doses, just one shot is needed each year. When do babies get their first shots? Staying on track with childhood immunizations starts early, with immunizations beginning at birth and coinciding with baby and child wellness schedules. Remember, child vaccination schedules are made with young immune systems in mind. Larger text size Large text size Regular text size.
What Are Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis? The diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis DTaP vaccine protects against: Diphtheria : a serious infection of the throat that can block the airway and cause severe breathing problems Tetanus lockjaw : a nerve disease that can happen at any age, caused by toxin-producing bacteria contaminating a wound Pertussis whooping cough : a respiratory illness with cold-like symptoms that lead to severe coughing the "whooping" sound happens when a child breathes in deeply after a severe coughing fit.
Serious complications can affect children under 1 year old, and those younger than 6 months old are especially at risk. Teens and adults with a lasting cough might have pertussis and not realize it, and could pass it to vulnerable infants.
DTaP Immunization Schedule DTaP immunizations are given as a series of 5 injections at ages: 2 months 4 months 6 months 15—18 months 4—6 years A vaccine called Tdap the booster shot should be given at ages 11 to 12, and to older teens and adults who haven't yet had a booster with pertussis coverage. Possible Risks of DTaP Immunization The vaccine can cause mild side effects: fever ; mild crankiness; tiredness; loss of appetite; and tenderness, redness, or swelling in the area where the shot was given.
When to Delay or Avoid DTaP Immunization Simple colds or other minor illnesses should not prevent immunization, but your doctor might choose to reschedule the vaccine if your child has a more serious illness. Caring for Your Child After DTaP Immunization Your child may have a fever, soreness, and some swelling and redness in the area where the shot was given. This disease can cause nerve damage and paralyze a person for life. It can paralyze muscles used for breathing, talking, eating and walking.
It can also cause death. Even though "influenzae" is a part of its name, the Hib germ does not cause influenza. Before the Hib vaccine was used, the Hib germ was a common cause of serious infections in children. Hib was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children two months to five years of age. Meningitis is a serious infection of the fluid and lining that cover the brain and spinal cord.
Meningitis can cause brain damage, learning and developmental problems, deafness and blindness. One out of 20 children with meningitis can die and serious disability nerve damage, deafness occurs in about 15 percent of cases. The Hib germ also causes a serious infection of the throat near the voice box. This infection is called epiglottitis. This can make it difficult for the child to breathe. The Hib germ can also cause infection of the lungs pneumonia and bone and joint infections.
Children under five years are more likely to get Hib disease. Children who attend childcare centres are even more likely to catch it. The Hib germ spreads to others through coughing and sneezing. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine protects children against invasive pneumococcal infections such as pneumonia, bacteraemia infection of the blood and meningitis infection of the brain.
IPD is an infection caused by a type of bacteria called streptococcus pneumoniae or pneumococcus. This type of bacteria can cause any of the following:.
Pneumonia, bacteraemia and meningitis can sometimes cause death or long lasting complications such as deafness, especially in people with a high-risk medical condition. Sometimes antibiotics do not work against the pneumococcal infection this is called antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance occurs when drugs, used to treat the infection, are no longer effective in killing or stopping the growth of particular microorganisms, such as pneumococcal bacteria.
When there is antibiotic resistance, it is more difficult to treat the infection. Rotavirus is a common infection that causes vomiting and diarrhea in infants and children. Rotavirus is very contagious, spreading easily from children who are already infected to other infants, children and sometimes adults.
Most children are infected with rotavirus at least once by five years of age. Serious but rare symptoms commonly seen in children less than two years of age include severe diarrhea, leading to hospitalization. Rotavirus infection is a major cause of visits to health care providers and hospital stays for infants and children under five years of age in Ontario.
Deaths in Ontario due to rotavirus are rare. Some immunizations are required for children to attend school in Ontario. Please see the school immunization checklist for more information.
At 6 months, your baby should be ready to start on solid foods. Start by offering food two to three times a day, and always offer breast milk or formula first.
If your baby does not eat meat, aim for at least mL 8 tbsp of iron-fortified cereal by age 9 months. At 12 months, your baby is trying new tastes and textures. Like routine immunizations, a healthy diet helps build a strong and healthy immune system for life. Immunization against meningococcal disease is required by law for all children attending school in Ontario, unless exempted. Meningococcal disease is caused by bacteria known as Neisseria meningitidis commonly known as meningococcus.
Meningococcal disease is a very serious infection. Meningococcal disease occurs in two main forms. Meningococcal septicaemia, also called meningococcemia, occurs when the bacteria infect the bloodstream and cause blood poisoning.
Meningococcal meningitis occurs when the bacteria infect the outer lining around the brain and spinal cord. The MMR vaccine is a three-in-one needle that protects against measles, mumps and rubella German measles. It should be given to children soon after their first birthday and a second dose at years of age with the measles, mumps, rubella and varicella MMRV vaccine. Immunization against measles, mumps and rubella is required by law for all children attending school in Ontario, unless exempted.
This vaccine should also be given to adults who are not protected against measles, mumps or rubella. Pregnant women who have been told that they are not protected against rubella, should receive MMR vaccine as soon as they are no longer pregnant.
Measles can be a serious infection. It causes high fever, cough, rash, runny nose and watery eyes. Measles lasts for one to two weeks. Ear infections or pneumonia lung infection can happen in one out of every 10 children with measles. Measles can also be complicated by encephalitis, an infection of the brain, in about one out of every 1, children with measles.
This may cause brain damage and developmental delays. Measles can also make a pregnant woman have a miscarriage or give birth prematurely. Measles spreads from person to person very easily and quickly. People can get measles from an infected person coughing or sneezing around them or simply talking to them. Mumps is a viral infection that is characterized by fever, headache and swelling of the cheek, jaw and neck.
It usually happens in children between five and nine years of age, but can also affect very young children and can result in more serious complications such as meningitis. Fortunately, mumps meningitis does not usually cause permanent damage. Recently, disease outbreaks have occurred more often among adolescents and young adults. Mumps can cause very painful, swollen testicles in about one out of four teenage boys or adult men, and painful infection of the ovaries in one out of 20 women. Mumps infection during the first three months of pregnancy may increase the risk of miscarriage.
Mumps can cause deafness in some people. People can get mumps from an infected person coughing or sneezing around them or simply talking to them. It can also be spread through contact with the saliva of an infected person. Rubella is usually a mild illness in children; up to half of the infections with rubella occur without a rash. Rubella may cause fever, sore throat, swollen glands in the neck and a rash on the face and neck.
Temporary aches and pains and swelling of the joints are common in adolescents and adults, especially females, with rubella infection. Rubella can be followed by chronic arthritis inflamed joints.
It can also cause temporary blood clotting problems and encephalitis. Rubella is very dangerous in pregnant women. If a woman gets rubella in the early part of a pregnancy, it is very likely that her baby will develop congenital rubella syndrome and be severely disabled or die.
Rubella spreads by contact with an infected person through coughing, sneezing or talking to them. It can also be spread by contact with the saliva of infected people. For more information talk to your health care provider, contact your local Public Health Unit or visit ontario. Toddlers thrive on a regular routine, and major changes can be challenging for them.
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