Health Home Conditions and Diseases. The pituitary gland itself consists of 2 major structures: Anterior lobe Posterior lobe. Functions of the pituitary gland Each lobe of the pituitary gland makes certain hormones. Luteinizing Hormone Lh And Follicle Stimulating Hormone FSH : These hormones control the production of sex hormones estrogen and testosterone as well as sperm and egg maturation and release.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ACTH : This hormone triggers the adrenal glands located above the kidneys to release the hormone cortisol which in turn, regulates carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism and is essential in the stress response.
Hydrocortisone or Prednisone-Given as daily pills. Prolactin PRL : This hormone stimulates secretion of breast milk. Inability to lactate. No treatment available. Increased thirst and frequent urination. Written and reviewed by:. The Pacific Neuroscience medical and editorial team. Students Teachers Patients Browse. Human body. Home Glands Pituitary gland.
Pituitary gland The pituitary gland is a small pea-sized gland that plays a major role in regulating vital body functions and general wellbeing. It is referred to as the body's 'master gland' because it controls the activity of most other hormone-secreting glands. Alternative names Hypophysis Where is my pituitary gland? Related Endocrine Conditions. Cushing's disease Diabetes insipidus Empty sella syndrome Gigantism Hypopituitarism Prolactinoma Sheehan's syndrome Acromegaly Adult-onset growth hormone deficiency Childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency Non-functioning pituitary tumours Pituitary apoplexy Nelson's syndrome View all Endocrine conditions.
Related Hormones. The posterior part of the pituitary has its embryological origins in nervous tissue. It is formed from a downgrowth of the diencephalon that forms the floor of the third ventricle. The anterior part is derived from an upgrowth from the oral ectoderm of the primitive oral cavity called Rathke's pouch.
Along the posterior part of the the anterior lobe there is a narrow region called the pars intermedia , which also has its embryological origin in Rathke's pounch.
The pars intermedia is poorly developed in humans. The glandular epithelial part of the pituitary is also called the adenohypophysis - anterior pituitary, pars intermedia and pars tuberalis. These different origins are reflected in the histological structure of the anterior and posterior parts of the pituitary.
You should also be able to see two types of chromophils cells which take up stain called acidophils and basophils. Acidophils and basophils are divided into different classes of cells which have different secretory products and target organs.
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